Vhf Wireless System
Vhf Wireless System
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Nady Dkw-1 Vhf Wireless Guitar System Channel A $59.99 Advanced features of the Nady DKW-1 wireless guitar system include high-band VHF operation for interference-free performance and 250' typical operating range (up to approximatley 500' line-of-sight). Advanced companding circuitry for a wide dynamic range so it won't overload with loud inputs or hiss with low inputs. WLT body-pack transmitter and DKW-1 portable receiver with unique, space-saving vertical design, power switch, 1/4" audio out. Large LEDs for power on, transmitter on, and audio peak. Special circuitry eliminates on/off popping noise.High-band VHF operation (170-216MHz)Wide dynamic rangeFull 40Hz-20kHz response range250' operating range1/4" audio outLarge LEDs including audio peakPop-eliminating circuitry |
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Nady DKW-1 VHF Wireless Guitar System Channel A $54.59 Advanced features of the Nady DKW-1 wireless guitar system include high-band VHF operation for interference-free performance and 250' typical operating range (up to approximatley 500' line-of-sight). Advanced companding circuitry for a wide dynamic range so it won't overload with loud inputs or hiss with low inputs. WLT body-pack transmitter and DKW-1 portable receiver with unique, space-saving vertical design, power switch, 1/4" audio out. Large LEDs for power on, transmitter on, and audio peak. Special circuitry eliminates on/off popping noise. |
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Digital Reference DR-1500 VHF Guitar Wireless System T4 Channel T3 $99.99 The DR-1500 delivers super frequency flexibility via 3 VHF frequency bands (169.505MHz, 170.245MHz, and 171.905MHz). The UniPak transmitter includes a variable microphone/guitar trim control. It features an advanced dipole antenna system and adjustable squelch control with a removable docking power supply that inserts into receiver back. |
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Digital Reference DR-1500 VHF Guitar Wireless System T4 Channel T8 $99.99 The DR-1500 delivers super frequency flexibility via 3 VHF frequency bands (169.505MHz, 170.245MHz, and 171.905MHz). The UniPak transmitter includes a variable microphone/guitar trim control. It features an advanced dipole antenna system and adjustable squelch control with a removable docking power supply that inserts into receiver back. |
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Digital Reference DR-1500 VHF Guitar Wireless System T4 889406737259 $84.99 The DR-1500 delivers super frequency flexibility via 3 VHF frequency bands (169.505MHz, 170.245MHz, and 171.905MHz). The UniPak transmitter includes a variable microphone/guitar trim control. It features an advanced dipole antenna system and adjustable squelch control with a removable docking power supply that inserts into receiver back. |
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Digital Reference DR-1500 VHF Guitar Wireless System T4 Channel T2 $99.99 The DR-1500 delivers super frequency flexibility via 3 VHF frequency bands (169.505MHz, 170.245MHz, and 171.905MHz). The UniPak transmitter includes a variable microphone/guitar trim control. It features an advanced dipole antenna system and adjustable squelch control with a removable docking power supply that inserts into receiver back. |
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Used Nady Dkw-1 Vhf Wireless Guitar System Channel D $54.59 Advanced features of the Nady DKW-1 wireless guitar system include high-band VHF operation for interference-free performance and 250' typical operating range (up to approximatley 500' line-of-sight). Advanced companding circuitry for a wide dynamic range so it won't overload with loud inputs or hiss with low inputs. WLT body-pack transmitter and DKW-1 portable receiver with unique, space-saving vertical design, power switch, 1/4" audio out. Large LEDs for power on, transmitter on, and audio peak. Special circuitry eliminates on/off popping noise.High-band VHF operation (170-216MHz)Wide dynamic rangeFull 40Hz-20kHz response range250' operating range1/4" audio outLarge LEDs including audio peakPop-eliminating circuitry |
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Nady Dkw-1 Vhf Wireless Guitar System Channel B $59.99 Advanced features of the Nady DKW-1 wireless guitar system include high-band VHF operation for interference-free performance and 250' typical operating range (up to approximatley 500' line-of-sight). Advanced companding circuitry for a wide dynamic range so it won't overload with loud inputs or hiss with low inputs. WLT body-pack transmitter and DKW-1 portable receiver with unique, space-saving vertical design, power switch, 1/4" audio out. Large LEDs for power on, transmitter on, and audio peak. Special circuitry eliminates on/off popping noise.High-band VHF operation (170-216MHz)Wide dynamic rangeFull 40Hz-20kHz response range250' operating range1/4" audio outLarge LEDs including audio peakPop-eliminating circuitry |
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Nady Dkw-1 Vhf Wireless Guitar System Channel F $59.99 Advanced features of the Nady DKW-1 wireless guitar system include high-band VHF operation for interference-free performance and 250' typical operating range (up to approximatley 500' line-of-sight). Advanced companding circuitry for a wide dynamic range so it won't overload with loud inputs or hiss with low inputs. WLT body-pack transmitter and DKW-1 portable receiver with unique, space-saving vertical design, power switch, 1/4" audio out. Large LEDs for power on, transmitter on, and audio peak. Special circuitry eliminates on/off popping noise.High-band VHF operation (170-216MHz)Wide dynamic rangeFull 40Hz-20kHz response range250' operating range1/4" audio outLarge LEDs including audio peakPop-eliminating circuitry |
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Nady Dkw-1 Vhf Wireless Guitar System Channel D $59.99 Advanced features of the Nady DKW-1 wireless guitar system include high-band VHF operation for interference-free performance and 250' typical operating range (up to approximatley 500' line-of-sight). Advanced companding circuitry for a wide dynamic range so it won't overload with loud inputs or hiss with low inputs. WLT body-pack transmitter and DKW-1 portable receiver with unique, space-saving vertical design, power switch, 1/4" audio out. Large LEDs for power on, transmitter on, and audio peak. Special circuitry eliminates on/off popping noise.High-band VHF operation (170-216MHz)Wide dynamic rangeFull 40Hz-20kHz response range250' operating range1/4" audio outLarge LEDs including audio peakPop-eliminating circuitry |
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Nady Dkw-1 Vhf Wireless Guitar System Channel E $59.99 Advanced features of the Nady DKW-1 wireless guitar system include high-band VHF operation for interference-free performance and 250' typical operating range (up to approximatley 500' line-of-sight). Advanced companding circuitry for a wide dynamic range so it won't overload with loud inputs or hiss with low inputs. WLT body-pack transmitter and DKW-1 portable receiver with unique, space-saving vertical design, power switch, 1/4" audio out. Large LEDs for power on, transmitter on, and audio peak. Special circuitry eliminates on/off popping noise.High-band VHF operation (170-216MHz)Wide dynamic rangeFull 40Hz-20kHz response range250' operating range1/4" audio outLarge LEDs including audio peakPop-eliminating circuitry |
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Used Nady Dkw-1 Vhf Wireless Guitar System Channel A $54.59 Advanced features of the Nady DKW-1 wireless guitar system include high-band VHF operation for interference-free performance and 250' typical operating range (up to approximatley 500' line-of-sight). Advanced companding circuitry for a wide dynamic range so it won't overload with loud inputs or hiss with low inputs. WLT body-pack transmitter and DKW-1 portable receiver with unique, space-saving vertical design, power switch, 1/4" audio out. Large LEDs for power on, transmitter on, and audio peak. Special circuitry eliminates on/off popping noise.High-band VHF operation (170-216MHz)Wide dynamic rangeFull 40Hz-20kHz response range250' operating range1/4" audio outLarge LEDs including audio peakPop-eliminating circuitry |
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Used Nady Dkw-1 Vhf Wireless Guitar System Channel B $54.59 Advanced features of the Nady DKW-1 wireless guitar system include high-band VHF operation for interference-free performance and 250' typical operating range (up to approximatley 500' line-of-sight). Advanced companding circuitry for a wide dynamic range so it won't overload with loud inputs or hiss with low inputs. WLT body-pack transmitter and DKW-1 portable receiver with unique, space-saving vertical design, power switch, 1/4" audio out. Large LEDs for power on, transmitter on, and audio peak. Special circuitry eliminates on/off popping noise.High-band VHF operation (170-216MHz)Wide dynamic rangeFull 40Hz-20kHz response range250' operating range1/4" audio outLarge LEDs including audio peakPop-eliminating circuitry |
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Used Nady Dkw-1 Vhf Wireless Guitar System Channel E $54.59 Advanced features of the Nady DKW-1 wireless guitar system include high-band VHF operation for interference-free performance and 250' typical operating range (up to approximatley 500' line-of-sight). Advanced companding circuitry for a wide dynamic range so it won't overload with loud inputs or hiss with low inputs. WLT body-pack transmitter and DKW-1 portable receiver with unique, space-saving vertical design, power switch, 1/4" audio out. Large LEDs for power on, transmitter on, and audio peak. Special circuitry eliminates on/off popping noise.High-band VHF operation (170-216MHz)Wide dynamic rangeFull 40Hz-20kHz response range250' operating range1/4" audio outLarge LEDs including audio peakPop-eliminating circuitry |
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Used Nady Dkw-1 Vhf Wireless Guitar System Channel F $54.59 Advanced features of the Nady DKW-1 wireless guitar system include high-band VHF operation for interference-free performance and 250' typical operating range (up to approximatley 500' line-of-sight). Advanced companding circuitry for a wide dynamic range so it won't overload with loud inputs or hiss with low inputs. WLT body-pack transmitter and DKW-1 portable receiver with unique, space-saving vertical design, power switch, 1/4" audio out. Large LEDs for power on, transmitter on, and audio peak. Special circuitry eliminates on/off popping noise.High-band VHF operation (170-216MHz)Wide dynamic rangeFull 40Hz-20kHz response range250' operating range1/4" audio outLarge LEDs including audio peakPop-eliminating circuitry |
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Audio-Technica Atw-251 Freeway Vhf Unipak Wireless System Channel T2 $84.95 The Audio-Technica ATW-251 Freeway VHF UniPak Wireless System is designed to provide reliable performance, easy setup and clear, natural sound quality. The Freeway VHF Lavalier Wireless System includes the ATW-R250 receiver, and the ATW-T201 body-pack transmitter. A novel dipole antenna system on the receiver improves operation by providing a ground element in addition to the usual signal element. ATW-R250 receiver |
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Audio-Technica Atw-251 Freeway Vhf Unipak Wireless System Channel T3 $84.95 The Audio-Technica ATW-251 Freeway VHF UniPak Wireless System is designed to provide reliable performance, easy setup and clear, natural sound quality. The Freeway VHF Lavalier Wireless System includes the ATW-R250 receiver, and the ATW-T201 body-pack transmitter. A novel dipole antenna system on the receiver improves operation by providing a ground element in addition to the usual signal element. ATW-R250 receiver |
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Audio-Technica Atw-251 Freeway Vhf Unipak Wireless System Channel T8 $84.95 The Audio-Technica ATW-251 Freeway VHF UniPak Wireless System is designed to provide reliable performance, easy setup and clear, natural sound quality. The Freeway VHF Lavalier Wireless System includes the ATW-R250 receiver, and the ATW-T201 body-pack transmitter. A novel dipole antenna system on the receiver improves operation by providing a ground element in addition to the usual signal element. ATW-R250 receiver |
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 NEW VHF WIRELESS Lapel Headset MICROPHONE MIC SYSTEM PRO $26.99 Time Remaining: 21d 2h 42m Buy It Now for only: $26.99 |
 2 Channel Dual VHF Wireless Microphone System Winners Choice Handheld or Lapel $50.00 Time Remaining: 3h 24m |
 Dual Wireless Headset Handheld VHF Microphone System $139.95 Time Remaining: 4h 14m Buy It Now for only: $154.95 |
 VocoPro VHF3300 VHF 3300 Dual VHF Recharchable Wireless Mic System $134.00 Time Remaining: 9d 5h 55m Buy It Now for only: $134.00 |
 Dual Wireless Microphone System Handheld VHF AC Rec 1YR $139.95 Time Remaining: 4h 21m Buy It Now for only: $154.95 |
 NEW VHF WIRELESS Lapel MICROPHONE MIC SYSTEM $18.99 Time Remaining: 2d 1h 42m Buy It Now for only: $18.99 |
 Deluxe 4 Channel VHF wireless Microphone Mic System $139.00 Time Remaining: 13h 26m |
 Nady 101 VHF wireless microphone transmiter receiver system $19.95 Time Remaining: 1d 1h 49m |
 VHF Stage Wireless Headset Microphone System Mic FM Transmitter Receiver $18.95 Time Remaining: 24d 9h 49m Buy It Now for only: $18.95 |
 Samson Stage 5T VHF Wireless Headset Mic System Channel 8 in Good Condition $59.99 Time Remaining: 1d 6h 3m |
 Pro 4 Channel VHF wireless Microphone Mic System New $129.00 Time Remaining: 21d 14h 33m Buy It Now for only: $129.00 |
 2CH VHF WIRELESS FM MICROPHONE DUAL TWIN PACK FOR KARAOKE PA SYSTEM $16.50 (16 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 10h 34m |
 SAMSON Stage 5H Professional Wireless VHF Microphone Mic System $16.50 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 12h 4m |
 Azden WMS Pro 2 Microphone VHF Wireless System WMSPRO $159.00 Time Remaining: 23d 7h 52m Buy It Now for only: $159.00 |
 Pro 4 Channel VHF wireless Microphone Mic System New $129.00 Time Remaining: 1d 13h 26m |
 Deluxe 4 Channel VHF wireless Microphone Mic System $139.00 Time Remaining: 24d 36m Buy It Now for only: $139.00 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 11 $9.81 Time Remaining: 2d 11h 26m |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 08 $11.81 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 2d 11h 41m |
 Dual VHF Wireless Headset Karaoke Microphone Mic System J 63L $49.00 Time Remaining: 15d 13h 17m Buy It Now for only: $49.00 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 08 $11.81 Time Remaining: 2d 11h 42m |
 Dual VHF Wireless Mic lapel lavalier Microphone Mic System $49.99 Time Remaining: 10h 34m Buy It Now for only: $49.99 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 06 $11.81 Time Remaining: 2d 11h 42m |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 11 $9.81 Time Remaining: 2d 11h 56m |
 Pyle PDWM5500 PDWM 5500 Professional VHF Four Microphone Wireless System $123.99 Time Remaining: 29d 6h 14m Buy It Now for only: $123.99 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 11 $9.81 Time Remaining: 2d 11h 56m |
 2 Channels Dual VHF Wireless Mic Dj Karaoke Microphone 2x Mic System $39.99 Time Remaining: 17d 20h 43m Buy It Now for only: $39.99 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 11 $9.81 Time Remaining: 2d 11h 56m |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 11 $9.81 Time Remaining: 2d 11h 56m |
 New Pyle Pro 2 Mics DJ Karaoke 2 CH VHF Dual Cordless Wireless Microphone System $59.95 Time Remaining: 8d 1h 23m Buy It Now for only: $59.95 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 06 $9.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 11m |
 NEW Pyle PDWM2100 Professional Dual VHF Wireless Handheld Microphone System $37.49 Time Remaining: 11d 7h 47m Buy It Now for only: $37.49 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 07 $11.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 12m |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 07 $11.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 12m |
 VHF Stage Wireless Lavalier Lapel Microphone System Mic FM Transmitter Receiver $18.95 Time Remaining: 24d 9h 8m Buy It Now for only: $18.95 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 06 $11.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 12m |
 Gemini Vhf 2001hl Dual Wireless Vhf Headset Or Lavaliere Microphone System $69.95 Time Remaining: 2d 1h 57m Buy It Now for only: $69.95 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 06 $11.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 12m |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 06 $11.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 12m |
 NEW PRO VHF Dual Rechargeable Wireless Microphone System $69.99 Time Remaining: 23d 23h 8m Buy It Now for only: $69.99 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 06 Not Working $0.99 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 12m |
 NEW PYLE PDWM5500 4 MICROPHONE VHF WIRELESS MICROPHONE SYSTEM PDW M5500 $131.89 Time Remaining: 13d 5h 40m Buy It Now for only: $131.89 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 06 $11.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 12m |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 06 $11.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 12m |
 Pyle PDWM2100 Professional Dual VHF Wireless Handheld Microphone System $34.99 Time Remaining: 29d 7h 12m Buy It Now for only: $34.99 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 08 $9.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 26m |
 NEW PYLE PRO PDWM5000 DJ KARAOKE 4 MIC VHF CORDLESS WIRELESS MICROPHONE SYSTEM $143.50 Time Remaining: 18d 4h 55m Buy It Now for only: $143.50 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 11 $9.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 26m |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 11 $11.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 41m |
 19 Rack Mount Dual VHF Wireless Rechargeable Handheld Mic Microphone System $89.99 Time Remaining: 15d 6h 31m Buy It Now for only: $89.99 |
 Samson Stage 5H VHF Handheld Wireless System Channel 11 $11.81 Time Remaining: 2d 12h 41m |
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PYLE-PRO PDWM3000 - Dual VHF Rechargeable Wireless Microphone System List Price: $208.99 Sale Price: $75.21 Used From: $68.35  |
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Using manufacturing breakthroughs pioneered by Pyle, the PDWM3000 system redefines the price point for quality microphones. Class A solid state electronics are engineered for low noise, distortion and coloration... |
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Hisonic VHF Dual Rechargeable Wireless Microphone System, HS8286. List Price: $199.95 Sale Price: $79.99 |
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This is a dual channel wireless microphone system designed and engineered for professional performance and home karaoke use as well. It's a very cost-effective unit compared with some other wireless microphones you may find elsewhere, best of all, this unit comes with an internal battery charger which will automatically charges the batteries in the transmitters while they are not in use and in the charging position, so you will never have to worry about replacing the batteries in the middle of your performance... |
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Pyle-Pro PWMA930I 600 Watt VHF Wireless Portable PA System/Echo with iPod Dock List Price: $377.99 Sale Price: Too low to display |
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Docking System Suitable For Nano & Classic Ipod Unit Powered By Internal Rechargeable Battery Pack One VHF Wireless Mic With FCC Certificate 2 Mic, 1 Guitar And 1 Audio 1/4'' Input One 6.35mm Male To 3... |
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Pyle PDWM8300 Professional Conference Desktop VHF Wireless Microphone System List Price: $617.99 Sale Price: Too low to display Used From: $149.51 |
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This 8-channel wireless microphone system is the kit you need to hold large teleconferences. It includes 8 tabletop microphones and a receiver with 8 inputs and dual telescoping antennas. Each antenna has its own corresponding volume control on the receiver... |
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VocoPro VHF-3300 2 Channel VHF Rechargeable Wireless Microphone System List Price: $239.00 Sale Price: $138.99 Used From: $154.99 |
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With solid sound, a clear signal, and wireless freedom, the VocoPro's VHF-3300 dual-channel wireless system is a great solution for home karaoke, smaller performances, public speaking, and more. Two wireless dynamic mics included... |
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PYLE-PRO PDWM4400 - 4 Mic VHF Wireless Lavalie/ Headset System List Price: $353.99 Sale Price: Too low to display Used From: $116.66 |
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Professional VHF Wireless System 4 Belt Pack Transmitters w/ Lavalier and Headset Mics Power On/Standby/Off Switch 4 x 9V Batteries and 1/4" Audio Cable Included RF Indicators AF Level Meters Individual Volume Controls 1/4'' Individual and Mixed Output Frequency Range: VHF 160-270MHz Operation Range: Up to 240 ft... |
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Pyle-Pro PDWM2550 19'' Rack Mount Dual VHF Wireless Rechargeable Handheld Microphone System List Price: $255.99 Sale Price: Too low to display Used From: $74.49 |
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Using manufacturing breakthroughs pioneered by Pyle, the PDWM2550 system redefines the price point for quality microphones. Class A solid state electronics are engineered for low noise, distortion and coloration... |
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Pyle-Pro PDWM8400 8 Mic Professional Handheld VHF Wireless Microphone System List Price: $593.99 Sale Price: Too low to display Used From: $191.01 |
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This 8-channel wireless microphone system is perfect at an event or party when you need powerful wireless coverage. This professional system features dual telescoping receiver antennas for the highest quality signal... |
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PYLE-PRO PDWM5000 - 4 Mic VHF Wireless Microphone System List Price: $335.99 Sale Price: Too low to display Used From: $100.00 |
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Professional VHF Wireless SystemQuartz Lock for Drift-Free Operation Four Microphones Included Power On/Standby/Off Switch Audio Mute Circuitry For Quiet Operation Advanced Companding Circuitry AF Signal LED Segment Meter On Each Channel Individual Channel Volume Controls Individual 1/4'' Unbalanced Outputs XLR Balanced and 1/4'' Unbalanced Mixed Output Operation Range: Up To 240 ft... |
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Pyle-Pro PDWM2100 Professional Dual VHF Wireless Handheld Microphone System List Price: $77.99 Sale Price: $31.40 Used From: $33.83 |
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Using manufacturing breakthroughs pioneered by Pyle, the PDWM2100 system redefines the price point for quality microphones. Class A solid state electronics are engineered for low noise, distortion and coloration... |
Radio Wave Propagation Models Used in RF Coverage Analysis
Radio wave propagation can be categorized as LOS (Line Of Sight) and non-LOS modes. LOS is direct point-to-point propagation with no obstructions in between. Non-LOS is indirect propagation in the absence of LOS path which consists of diffraction, reflection and scattering. In the HF band (3 – 30 MHz), propagation is primarily using sky wave for long distance communications. VHF and UHF (30 MHz – 3 GHz) waves travel by LOS and ground bounce propagation. The SHF (3 to 30 GHz) wave uses strictly LOS propagation.
The goal of propagation modeling is to determine the probability of satisfactory performance of a wireless system that depends on radio wave propagation. For RF systems planning, the modeling of propagation is for the purpose of RF coverage analysis. This analysis uses the propagation model and terrain data to predict the RF coverage area of a transmitter, the received signal strength at the end of a wireless link, the path loss from the transmitter to a distance receiver, the antenna tilt angle of the transmitter, the minimum antenna height to establish Line of Sight communication path and channel impairment such as delay spread due to multi-path fading.
Propagation models for different applications, environments and terrains had been developed by the US government, private organizations and standard body such as International Telecommunications Union (ITU). These models are based on large amount of empirical data collected for the purpose of characterizing propagation for that application. Since propagation models are created using statistical methods, no single model will exactly fit any particular application. It is a good idea to employ two or more independent models and use the results as bounds on the expected performance. The following are a list of most commonly used near-earth propagation models.
Longley-Rice
The Longley-Rice model predicts long term median transmission loss over irregular terrain. It is designed for frequency from 20 MHz to 20 GHz and path length from 1 to 2000 Km. The model accounts for terrain, climate, subsoil conditions and ground curvature. Longley-Rice model has two modes, point-to-point and area. The point-to-point mode uses detail terrain data and characteristics to predict path loss, whereas the area mode uses general information about the terrain characteristics to predict path loss.
Okumura
The Okumura model is based on the measurements made in Tokyo in 1960, between 200 to 1920 MHz. The measured values are used to determine the median field strength and numerous correction factors. The correction factors include adjustment to the degree of urbanization, terrain roughness, base station antenna height, mobile antenna height and localized obstruction. The Okumura model is especially applicable in urban area for general coverage calculation where numerous obstructions and buildings exist.
Cost 231
The Cost 231 Model, also called the Hata model PCS extension, is used in most commercial RF planning tools for mobile telephony. The coverage of the Cost 231 model is frequency between 1500 to 2000 MHz, transmitter effective antenna height between 30 to 200 m, receiver effective antenna height between 1 to 10 m and link distance from 1 to 20 km. The Cost 231 model is restricted to application where the base station antenna is above adjacent roof tops.
Egli
The Egli model is a simplified model based on empirical match of measured data to mathematical formula. Its ease of implementation makes it a popular choice for use in the first analysis. It assumes gentle rolling hill height of approximately 50 feet and no terrain elevation data between the transmitter and receiver is needed for the model. The median path loss is adjusted for the height of transmit and receive antenna above ground. The model consists of a single equation for the propagation loss.
ITU
ITU terrain model is based on diffraction theory that provides a method to predict median path loss. The model predicts path loss as a function of the height of path blockage and the first Fresnel zone for the transmission link. The model is ideal for modeling line-of-sight link in any terrain and is good for any frequency and path length. The model accounts for obstructions in the middle of the communication link, hence it is suitable to be used both inside cities and open fields. The model is considered valid for losses above 15 dB.
About the Author
Paul Ngai is an engineering consultant specialized in Telecommunications Network and Systems. He is also the principal of Network Systems Technologies LLC (http://www.nstecs.net), a telecommunications consulting firm provides planning, analysis, design, testing and operation support services.