Tube Condenser

Tube Condenser

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Mxl 960 Tube Condenser Microphone


Mxl 960 Tube Condenser Microphone


$399.99


The MXL 960 Tube Condenser Mic will keep you productive reliably and affordably. Professional-quality, large-diaphragm 1" capsule, tube condenser microphone has an extremely wide dynamic range and a crisp, airy sonic character. Well suited to either analog or digital recording. 20Hz-20kHz. Cardioid pattern. 135dB max SPL. Equivalent noise: 13dB, A-weighted.Requires phantom power.Professional-quality, large-diaphragm tube condenserCardioid patternExtremely quietWide dynamic rangeCrisp, airy vintage tube sonic characteristicsFrequency range: 20Hz-20kHz135dB max SPLEquivalent noise: 20dB, A-weightedWired with Mogami cable

MXL 960 Tube Condenser Microphone


MXL 960 Tube Condenser Microphone


$199.99


The MXL 960 Tube Condenser Mic will keep you productive reliably and affordably. Professional-quality, large-diaphragm 1" capsule, tube condenser microphone has an extremely wide dynamic range and a crisp, airy sonic character. Well suited to either analog or digital recording. 20Hz-20kHz. Cardioid pattern. 135dB max SPL. Equivalent noise: 13dB, A-weighted.Requires phantom power.

MXL 9000 Tube Condenser Microphone


MXL 9000 Tube Condenser Microphone


$181.95


The MXL 9000 Tube Condenser Microphone is a large-diaphragm, cardioid-pattern design based around a 12AT7 tube. The tube circuitry delivers a characteristic warm-yet-transparent midrange response that gives a smooth emphasis to both voices and instruments. It is housed in a silver-finished metal shell and comes complete with hi-isolation shock mount, power supply, and 7-pin power cable.Requires phantom power.

MXL V69XM Tube Condenser Mic


MXL V69XM Tube Condenser Mic


$399


Internally wired with world-class Mogami cable, the MXL V69XM is a versatile vacuum tube condenser microphone with a 32mm capsule and transformer-balanced output for extremely high levels of tonal quality. The MXL mic is a perfect complement to analog and digital recording devices and will give you superb vocal and instrument reproduction for years to come.

Behringer T-1 Tube Condenser Microphone


Behringer T-1 Tube Condenser Microphone


$196.99


The sound of tube mics is undeniably rich and smooth. At the heart of each Behringer T-1 condenser mic is a hand-selected 12AX7 tube, which has been specifically designed to give these recording microphones their incredible sonic character. One advantage tube condensers have over their solid-state counterparts is that they are not subject to the rapid rise of odd-order harmonics, which the ear perceives as highly unmusical. Even when subjected to high sound pressure levels, the T-1 condenser mic reacts in much the same way the human ear does.An ideal kick-drum micWhile this condenser mic can handle input levels as high as 130dB, the T-1 comes equipped with a switchable -20dB pad for the extremely high transients generated by kick-drums and heavy-metal vocalists. With its 20Hz to 20kHz frequency range, the T-1 can handle all the low-frequency content you can throw at it, and still provide all the definition your sound source deserves.Cardioid polar patternBehringer T-1 Tube Condenser Mics feature a tight cardioid (heart-shaped) sound-reception pattern, which reduces the pickup of sound from the sides and rear for improved source isolation. The included custom shock mount fits all standard microphone stands and provides further isolation from external sources of vibration, such as sounds transmitted through floor joists and outside traffic.Dedicated power supplyThe included Behringer PSU-T power supply/preamp provides the supply voltage for the tube preamplifier and houses a Low Cut switch that can be used to reduce the low frequency response, if so desired. The included 7-pin multi-core cable supplies power to the mic and routes the audio signal to the XLR socket on the PSU-T.The ultimate recording micSince the early days of recording, sound engineers have been searching for the best-sounding mics for recording acoustic instruments and the human voice. The resounding choice of professional recordists around the globe has been the tube condenser microphone because nothing compares to a sound that's so open, warm, and full of character. Unfortunately, tube mics can wipe out a home-recording budget faster than you can say "phantom power supply." But with the T-1, anyone who can afford a decent live microphone can have a studio-grade, tube-powered condenser mic for about the same price.The T-1's sensitive sideAnother advantage of tube mics is that they typically outperform transistor designs when it comes to subtle signal levels, such as environmental ambiance. The T-1 condenser mic picks up every nuance of your performance, capturing an openly transparent slice of time and space with just the right amount of tube warmth. Now you'll be able to justify that new set of strings for your acoustic guitar (because you'll hear the difference), and you'll marvel at the sparkling highlights coming off your wind chimes.Professional, large-diaphragm, tube condenser microphone for unsurpassed audio qualityHand-selected 12AX7 vacuum tube for exceptional warmth and

Behringer T-47 Tube Condenser Microphone


Behringer T-47 Tube Condenser Microphone


$173.99


A recording microphone with classic tube soundThe sound of tube mics is undeniably rich and smooth. At the heart of each of these Behringer T-47 mics is a hand-selected 12AX7 tube, which has been specifically designed to give these microphones their incredible sonic character. One advantage tube condensers have over their solid-state counterparts is that they are not subject to the rapid rise of odd-order harmonics, which the ear perceives as highly unmusical. Even when subjected to high sound pressure levels, the T-47 condenser microphone reacts in much the same way the human ear does.Cardioid polar patternT-47 tube condenser mics feature a tight cardioid (heart-shaped) sound-reception pattern, which reduces the pickup of sound from the sides and rear for improved source isolation. The included custom shock mount fits all standard microphone stands and provides further isolation from external sources of vibration, such as sounds transmitted through floor joists and outside traffic.Dedicated power supplyThe included Behringer PSU-T power supply/preamp provides the supply voltage for the tube preamplifier and houses a Low Cut switch that can be used to reduce the low frequency response, if so desired. The included 7-pin multi-core cable supplies power to the mic and routes the audio signal to the XLR socket on the PSU-T.The ultimate recording micSince the early days of recording, sound engineers have been searching for the best-sounding mics for recording acoustic instruments and the human voice. The resounding choice of professional recordists around the globe has been the tube condenser microphone because nothing compares to a sound that's so open, warm, and full of character. Unfortunately, tube mics can wipe out a home-recording budget faster than you can say "phantom power supply." But with the T-47, anyone who can afford a decent live microphone can have a studio-grade, tube-powered condenser mic for about the same price.The T-47's sensitive sideAnother advantage of tube mics is that they typically outperform transistor designs when it comes to subtle signal levels, such as environmental ambiance. The T-47 picks up every nuance of your performance, capturing an openly transparent slice of time and space with just the right amount of tube warmth. Now you'll be able to justify that new set of strings for your acoustic guitar (because you'll hear the difference), and you'll marvel at the sparkling highlights coming off your wind chimes.Professional, large-diaphragm, tube condenser microphone for unsurpassed audio qualityHand-selected 12AX7 vacuum tube for exceptional warmth and vintage soundIdeal as main and support microphone for studio and live applicationsCardioid pickup pattern for outstanding sound source separation and feedback rejectionPressure-gradient transducer with shock-mounted capsulePerfect for vocals and acoustic instrumentsSwitchable low-frequency roll-offUltra-rugged construction with metal die-cast bodyHigh-quality components

Mxl V69xm Tube Condenser Microphone


Mxl V69xm Tube Condenser Microphone


$399


Internally wired with world-class Mogami cable, the MXL V69XM is a versatile vacuum tube condenser microphone with a 32mm capsule and transformer-balanced output for extremely high levels of tonal quality. The MXL mic is a perfect complement to analog and digital recording devices and will give you superb vocal and instrument reproduction for years to come.Transformer-balanced output for smooth sound12AT7 dual triode vacuum tubeUpdated grill design complements capsuleComes with shockmount, power supply, 15' 7-pin Mogami cable, 15' XLR Mogami microphone cable, cleaning cloth & flight case3-year warranty/1-year tube

Mxl 9000 Tube Condenser Microphone


Mxl 9000 Tube Condenser Microphone


$149.95


The MXL 9000 Tube Condenser Microphone is a large-diaphragm, cardioid-pattern design based around a 12AT7 tube. The tube circuitry delivers a characteristic warm-yet-transparent midrange response that gives a smooth emphasis to both voices and instruments. It is housed in a silver-finished metal shell and comes complete with hi-isolation shock mount, power supply, and 7-pin power cable.Requires phantom power.Type: Large Diaphragm Microphone using Valve technology (12AT7)Frequency Range: 30Hz -20kHzPolar Pattern: CardioidDiaphragm: 25 mmSensitivity: 30mV/PaOutput Impedance: 200WMaxEquivalent Noise Level 22dB (A weighted IEC 268-4)Max SPL for 0.5% THD 122 dB (bei 0,5% THD)Power Requirements: 240V (50/60Hz)Power Input Source: External Power SupplySignal to Noise ratio: 72dB (Ref. 1Pa A-weighted)Size: 47mm x 195mmWeight: 525gmMetal Finish: SilverAccessories Included: Shock-mount (MXL-57SP), Power Supply, Mogami-Audio cable (4,5m)Cables Included: Microphone XLR 7-pol / Audio XLR 3-polWired with Mogami cable

MXL V67i Tube Dual Diaphragm Condenser Microphone


MXL V67i Tube Dual Diaphragm Condenser Microphone


$495


In the MXL V67i Tube dual-diaphragm condenser microphone, old school meets modern day mic technology. The V67i mic helps you indulge in the sonic pleasures of a classic vacuum tube and take advantage of today's leading-edge microphone technologies. The MXL V67I tube mic uses an independently selectable microphone capsule system that produces 2 sounds from a single mic; warm or bright. The MXL V67i mic's bright red indicator LED displays which capsule you've selected.Instead of running back and forth to the mic cabinet, or having to buy multiple tube mics, this feature enables you to adjust the response of the mic to the sound source. So, for example, if you have a vocalist with a soft voice, you can switch in the bright capsule to enhance detail and prevent the voice from becoming too mushy-sounding, while retaining the character provided by tube harmonics.The MXL V67i includes a power supply, a 15' 7-pin Mogami tube cable, 15' XLR Mogami microphone cable, and a flight case.

Mxl V67i Tube Dual Diaphragm Condenser Microphone


Mxl V67i Tube Dual Diaphragm Condenser Microphone


$495


In the MXL V67i Tube dual-diaphragm condenser microphone, old school meets modern day mic technology. The V67i mic helps you indulge in the sonic pleasures of a classic vacuum tube and take advantage of today's leading-edge microphone technologies. The MXL V67I tube mic uses an independently selectable microphone capsule system that produces 2 sounds from a single mic; warm or bright. The MXL V67i mic's bright red indicator LED displays which capsule you've selected.Instead of running back and forth to the mic cabinet, or having to buy multiple tube mics, this feature enables you to adjust the response of the mic to the sound source. So, for example, if you have a vocalist with a soft voice, you can switch in the bright capsule to enhance detail and prevent the voice from becoming too mushy-sounding, while retaining the character provided by tube harmonics.The MXL V67i includes a power supply, a 15' 7-pin Mogami tube cable, 15' XLR Mogami microphone cable, and a flight case.Two sounds from one microphone (warm or bright)12AT7 dual triode vacuum tube for warm, rich soundBright red indicator LED displays capsule selectionBass roll-off switch set to 150Hz at 6 dB/octaveAttenuation -6dB pad switchComes with power supply, 15' 7-pin Mogami tube cable, 15' XLR Mogami microphone cable & flight case3-year warranty/1-year tube

MXL Revelation Tube Condenser Microphone


MXL Revelation Tube Condenser Microphone


$1178.45


The extraordinary MXL Revelation studio microphone delivers the warmth and intimacy of a quality tube microphone with extended clarity and punch for balanced recording. The MXL Revelation mic's dual gold-sputtered, 6-micron diaphragm and hand-selected EF86 pentode tube deliver warm, rich, and transparent sound, and polar pattern selection is virtually limitless thanks to the continuously variable knob. Record vocals, instruments, percussion, or use it as a room micthe MXL Revelation can handle any recording task.Bass Roll-off SwitchThe Revelation power supply features a bass roll-off switch to help reduce proximity effect. Proximity effect is distortion that often occurs when a sound source is too close to the mic. Some microphone patterns boost bass as you get closer to the microphone; cardioid mics, for instance, tend to boost bass. The bass roll-off switch reduces the low frequencies for a more full range sound.Phase SwitchThe Revelation also includes a phase switch that allows you to reverse the polarity of the microphone signal by 180 degrees. This can help minimize phase issues when recording with multiple microphones.Variable Pattern Control KnobThe Revelation features a continuously variable pattern selector located on the Revelation power supply. This knob allows you to alter the polar pickup pattern of the microphone from omni-directional to figure 8, and everything in-between. This can be done with the microphone turned on without causing any damage to the unit; however, it is recommended that you mute your speakers when changing to a new pattern. To change the polar pattern, simply rotate the knob to customize the microphone's pickup pattern for your specific recording application. After rotating the knob to a new polar pattern, it will take a few seconds for the capsule to charge back up. During these few seconds, we recommend muting your speakers because you will hear static. Keep in mind that there is no single right way to finding the perfect sound. Experimentation with different patterns in different recording situations will be the key.Ground Lift Switch A ground loop is unwanted interference that can be created when multiple electronic devices improperly share a common ground. The Revelation includes a Ground Lift switch to help prevent such occurrences. If a ground loop is audible (usually a 50-60Hz humming noise), the ground lift switch on the front of the power supply should be set to the 'lift' position.-10dB Pad The Revelation can be used in very loud sonic environments without significant distortion. If you hear distortion from the microphone, engage the -10dB pad on the rear of the microphone to the -10dB position. You may also move the microphone farther away from the sound source.

Mxl Revelation Tube Condenser Microphone


Mxl Revelation Tube Condenser Microphone


$1295


The extraordinary MXL Revelation studio microphone delivers the warmth and intimacy of a quality tube microphone with extended clarity and punch for balanced recording. The MXL Revelation mic's dual gold-sputtered, 6-micron diaphragm and hand-selected EF86 pentode tube deliver warm, rich, and transparent sound, and polar pattern selection is virtually limitless thanks to the continuously variable knob. Record vocals, instruments, percussion, or use it as a room micthe MXL Revelation can handle any recording task.Bass Roll-off SwitchThe Revelation power supply features a bass roll-off switch to help reduce proximity effect. Proximity effect is distortion that often occurs when a sound source is too close to the mic. Some microphone patterns boost bass as you get closer to the microphone; cardioid mics, for instance, tend to boost bass. The bass roll-off switch reduces the low frequencies for a more full range sound.Phase SwitchThe Revelation also includes a phase switch that allows you to reverse the polarity of the microphone signal by 180 degrees. This can help minimize phase issues when recording with multiple microphones.Variable Pattern Control KnobThe Revelation features a continuously variable pattern selector located on the Revelation power supply. This knob allows you to alter the polar pickup pattern of the microphone from omni-directional to figure 8, and everything in-between. This can be done with the microphone turned on without causing any damage to the unit; however, it is recommended that you mute your speakers when changing to a new pattern. To change the polar pattern, simply rotate the knob to customize the microphone's pickup pattern for your specific recording application. After rotating the knob to a new polar pattern, it will take a few seconds for the capsule to charge back up. During these few seconds, we recommend muting your speakers because you will hear static. Keep in mind that there is no single right way to finding the perfect sound. Experimentation with different patterns in different recording situations will be the key.Ground Lift Switch A ground loop is unwanted interference that can be created when multiple electronic devices improperly share a common ground. The Revelation includes a Ground Lift switch to help prevent such occurrences. If a ground loop is audible (usually a 50-60Hz humming noise), the ground lift switch on the front of the power supply should be set to the 'lift' position.-10dB Pad The Revelation can be used in very loud sonic environments without significant distortion. If you hear distortion from the microphone, engage the -10dB pad on the rear of the microphone to the -10dB position. You may also move the microphone farther away from the sound source.Variable polar pattern control: Omni, Cardioid, Figure 8Hand-selected EF86 pentode tubeCustom body design minimizes resonanceIncluded accessories:7-pin Mogami cableXLR Mogami mIc cableAluminum flight caseMXL Micro-fiber cleaning clothRevelatio

Groove Tubes GT 55 Condenser Cable Professional Microphone
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CAD Trion 8000 Multi Pattern Studio Tube Condenser Mic w Shockmount  Case
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MXL 9000 Tube Condenser Microphone
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CAD Trion 8000 Multi Pattern Studio Tube Condenser Mic w Shockmount  Case
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M Audio Sputnik vacuum tube mic microphone large condenser shockmount hard case
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schoeps siemens cm640 tube condenser microphone in box
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Groove Tubes GT 44  Sterling ST 44 Tube Condenser Microphone w power supply
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NEW Behringer T 47 Studio Vacuum Tube Condenser Mic BUY IT NOW FREE SHIPPING
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KCM TUBE CONDENSER MICROPHONE OUTPUT TRANSFORMER 1151
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AKG Perception 820 Tube Condenser Mic Perception820
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Behringer T 47 Vacuum Tube Condenser Studio Mic Large Diaphragm Condenser Mic
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AUDIO TECHNICA AT3060 TUBE STUDIO CONDENSER MICROPHONE
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New SE Electronics SE Z5600A II 2 Tube Condenser Mic GET 10 OFF
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Rode K2 Variable Pattern Studio Tube Condenser Microphone
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ADK A 51TC TUBE CONDENSER MICROPHONE W WINDSCREEN DJ 8 POWER SUPPLY  CASE
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Neumann M147 Tube condenser mic with PSU shock mount M 147 1
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STERLING AUDIO Groove Tube ST 51 ST51 STUDIO CONDENSER MICROPHONE USED
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MXL MXL 960 Tube Condenser Microphone
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ADK TC Tube Microphone Condenser Large Diaphragm Fixed Cardiod Open Box
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Used Avantone CV28 Small Capsule Tube Condenser Microphone No Case
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Beesneez Arabella Producer Series Microphone Tube Condenser Mic
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AKG Perception 820 Tube Studio Condenser Microphone PROAUDIOSTAR
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Groove Tubes GT55 Condenser Microphone GT 55 Mic GT 55
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Groove Tubes GT 55 Condenser Cable Professional Microphone
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Sontronics Helios Large Diaphragm Studio Tube Condenser Microphone BRAND NEW
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M Audio Sputnik vacuum tube mic microphone large condenser shockmount hard case
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MXL V69XM Vacuum Tube Large Diaphram Condenser Microphone with Case
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Vintage tube condenser microphone RFT CM7151  Germany GDR 1954
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Used Avantone CV28 Small Capsule Tube Condenser Microphone
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MXL V69 ME Mogami Edition Large Diaphragm Condenser Tube Microphone NEW
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Vintage tube condenser microphone body RFT CM7151  Germany GDR 1954
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MXL 960 Tube Condenser Microphone
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MXL V69MEDT Large Diaphram  Condenser Tube Microphone MXL V69MEDT Large Diaphram Condenser Tube Microphone
List Price: $399.00
Sale Price: Too low to display

The MXL V69 Mogami Edition is a large diaphragm Tube Condenser Microphone. Its classic sound enhances vocal and instrument performances in professional and home studio environments. The wide dynamic range and warm sonic characteristics make the V69 a perfect complement to all analog and digital recording devices...

MXL Genesis Large Diaphragm Tube Condenser Microphone MXL Genesis Large Diaphragm Tube Condenser Microphone
List Price: $995.00
Sale Price: Too low to display
Used From: $385.99

The Genesis is a masterfully engineered tube microphone with features and performance levels found in mics priced thousands of dollars more. From intimate vocal recordings to fast-attacking rap, the Genesis cuts beautifully through the mix with spectacular detail...

ART Tube MP Studio Mic Preamp ART Tube MP Studio Mic Preamp
List Price: $86.00
Sale Price: $29.99
Used From: $29.00

The original Tube MP made pro-caliber tube preamping available to ordinary musicians and home studios. The MP Studio goes a step further by adding a VU meter for better level control and ART's OPL (Output Protection Limiter), which controls and maintains the output peak signal to protect hard-disk recording systems and soundcards...

AKG Perception 820 Tube Condenser Microphone AKG Perception 820 Tube Condenser Microphone
List Price: $849.00
Sale Price: $699.00
Used From: $639.00

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MXL V69 ME Mogami Edition Tube Studio Condenser Mic w/FREE Planet Waves AES10 10' XLR Cable and Pop Filter MXL V69 ME Mogami Edition Tube Studio Condenser Mic w/FREE Planet Waves AES10 10' XLR Cable and Pop Filter
Sale Price: $299.95

Musicians, artists, and bloggers agree - the V69 (Mogami® Edition) is the standard of excellence for tube condenser microphones. Tested against mics costing barrels more, the V69 continues to impress with its rich midrange, punchy forward character, and mix-ready vocals...

MXL 9000 Tube Condenser Microphone MXL 9000 Tube Condenser Microphone
List Price: $299.95
Sale Price: $149.95

The MXL 9000 Tube Condenser Microphone is a large-diaphragm, cardioid-pattern design based around a 12AT7 tube. The tube circuitry delivers a characteristic warm-yet-transparent midrange response that gives a smooth emphasis to both voices and instruments...

MXL MXL 990 Condenser Microphone with Shockmount MXL MXL 990 Condenser Microphone with Shockmount
List Price: $199.99
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The MXL 990 Condenser Microphone with Shock Mount has a silky, sweet high end while retaining tight, solid low and midrange reproduction. The 3/4" gold-sputtered diaphragm creates a professional sound suited for digital and analog recording...

Nady TCM-1050 Vacuum Tube Condenser Microphone with Case and Shock Mount Nady TCM-1050 Vacuum Tube Condenser Microphone with Case and Shock Mount
List Price: $449.95
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The TCM 1050 from Nady is a Vacuum Tube Condenser Microphone that is perfect for recording studio vocals, acoustic instruments, orchestras, choral groups, and many live sound applications. Features include hand-tooled brass capsule with a three micron gold-sputtered mylar dual diaphragm (1 inch) for maximum sensitivity, long life, subtle sonic detail and unsurpassed tone...

AKG PERCEPTION 220 Professional Studio Microphone for general purpose with one inch true condenser large diaphragm capsule. AKG PERCEPTION 220 Professional Studio Microphone for general purpose with one inch true condenser large diaphragm capsule.
List Price: $349.00
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Used From: $150.93

AKG’s Perception microphones have built a strong following among musicians and engineers, proving to be among the best high-value true condenser microphones on the market today. The AKG Perception Series includes the P 120, P 170, P 220, P 420 and also the new Perception 820 Tube – each offering a switchable 20 dB attenuation pad and a low cut switch for an even wider range of miking capabilities including vocals, acoustic instruments, classical music, electric guitar amps and drums across multiple applications of studio recording, live sound and broadcast...


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Tube Condenser

Pipeline Cleaning

Pipeline Cleaning

Mike Watson of Tube Tech International, UK , reports on how innovation and planning can reduce the cost of pipeline cleaning and de-scaling without using cutting equipment. ( as featured in World Pipelines magazine)

The complexity of gas and oil pipelines has not substantially changed, but the demands for pipeline cleaning and de-scaling have. Millions of dollars are at stake in lost production time and equipment costs if pipelines have to be dismantled to be cleaned.

The key for pipeline cleaning and specialist companies such as Tube Tech International, is the ability to bring innovative thought to problems that have always bedevilled the petrochemical industry. Indeed, the company’s reputation is growing rapidly on the back of the proposal that won it a three-year contract with Nigeria LNG Ltd (NLNG).1

Problems at the gas processing plant in the West African state, which opened in 1999, were classified as ‘uncleanable’. Condenser, heat exchanger tubes, and pipelines had become seriously contaminated by deposit, and millions of dollars in new equipment and downtime were at stake if the complex system had to be dismantled.

Tube Tech won the initial pipeline cleaning and de-scaling contract on three grounds:

* A pledge that production loss would be minimal because none of the pipelines would need to be cut

* Work in Nigeria could start within two weeks

* Regardless of dimension ( 2 – 36 in) deposit could be cleaned

Work began immediately at the company’s headquarters in Essex , England , focusing on the logistics on getting 32 multi-disciplined operatives and 46 t of cleaning and de-scaling equipment onsite at Bonny Island as soon as possible.

Project planning was also started, involving 12km of pipeline and 60,000 heat exchanger tubes. With a convolution of bends and ‘T-offs in a maze of differing diameters of pipe work, there was no ‘one size fits all’ cure. In the event, the project team came up with a combination of 12 techniques to clear highly stubborn scale and blockages.

An airborne assault was organised, and 3 cargo aircrafts of equipment were off- loaded in Nigeria just 2 weeks after the initial site visit. Working continuous day and night shifts in frequently extreme weather conditions the teams completed the cleaning and integrity inspection three times faster than the nearest competing estimate.

The plant was quickly restored to full production using 12 techniques. The first cleaning system was a novel ‘mini pig’, only 150mm in length and conforming to the tube internal diameter. Propelled by water, the rotating blades only extended as far as the tube diameter and not beyond, thereby avoiding any damage.

The middle third of the dart houses a rotating bladed turbine, and with a water pressure of 500 psi, these blades (emulating the turbine blades on an aircraft engine) are forced to rotate at a speed of approximately 4000rpm.

In this instance, the scale causing the blockage consisted of calcium and iron oxide product. The rotating blades remove impeding scale in their path at a travel rate averaging out at approximately 2 m/s. using this method, pipe work can be cleaned in a matter of hours rather than days.

This particular turbine blade is entirely bespoke and manufactured by hand in materials that can be ferrous or non-ferrous. Tube Tech has a wide range of Dartts™ to suit diameters ranging from 10mm to one metre.

A second system used at Bonny Island was a traditional, automated high-pressure water-jetting lance, but this was modified by Tube Tech to create a new, more effective, method for the smaller pipes. Its engineers adapted this system by modifying the traditional high pressure jetting hose system, which normally reaches a maximum pipe length of 400m, so that it can extend as far as 2km.

A further 10 systems were also mobilised, thereby avoiding the worst case scenario of substantial downtime at Bonny Island and the vast financial impact that would be implicit.

There was also a considerable amount of pipe work that was deemed ‘un-pigable’ by the client, but it too required cleaning and de-scaling as part of the contract.

Cutting is costly

The only solution option proffered by many experts at that time was either to fill the entire arterial network of pipe with acid or to cut into the pipeline and pressure jet.

However, along with this option came environmental implications and costs. There were also considerable safety issues, as well as the cost of cutting the pipe open at various points.

Tube Tech went ahead with an environmentally sound solution using non-standard pigging. The volume of scale built up in the pipeline was such that it needed to be cleaned over the whole surface area, or the flow rate would have been compromised. The result was that more than 40 t of iron oxide and calcium water scale was removed using a variety of innovative pigging processes and types, including:

• Pigs that could be inserted into a 25mm aperture and inflated to match the given pipe diameter.

• Bi-directional pigs adapted with pressure bypass valves so that, in the event of sticking due to the volume of deposits ahead, the increased water back pressure would engage a solenoid in the nose of the pig, turning it into a pressure-jetting nozzle.

• Pigs fired with a guide wire attached so they could be retracted

• A biodegradable pig was developed to break down at the end of a potential dead-end run. This would have negated the need to cut into the pipe, as well as alleviating any risk of losing it. This particular pigging solution had been developed prior to the project.

Once the pipeline cleaning and de-scaling work had been completed. Tube Tech also put both closed circuit TV and wall thickness integrity assessment inspection equipment into action. This enabled technicians to inspect the wall thickness of the pipes electronically rather than by using expensive intelligent pigging.

The competition

While there are many pipeline cleaning systems available from global sources, with every successful contract Tube Tech has frequently found the basic equipment to be inadequate for dealing with the problems specific to each contract.

It is client’s increased dislike of the environmentally unsound chemical route and the costly cutting method that has led to the development of bespoke solutions by the research team. With this ‘applied innovation’ in conjunction with an in-depth study of the system, the company has changed the rules of pigging and exchanger cleaning by inventing new pigs and tube cleaning processes.

In the case of the Nigeria contract, the client approached a number of other companies, but none were able to offer more than three cleaning techniques involving either acid cleaning, cutting into the pipeline or high volume water jetting. Tube Tech’s involvement came through the recommendation of Shell Global Solutions International (SGSI). Without using any of these options, Tube Tech was armed with 12 techniques tailored to the varying consistencies and volumes facing them. The loss of efficiency translated quickly into financial loss, which was why the client was looking for a fast, effective cure.

The reward for restoring production to 100% was the three-year contract for further work. This has included advice on fouling mitigation procedures to prevent further scale blockages, particularly with the introduction of vital measures for sound quality water treatment.

While pipeline blockages are eminently treatable with expertise, there is a cause for a rethink on several fronts where prevention is better than cure. Process pipelines are not often manufactured with a view to cleanability. Tube Tech can offer end users and plant fabricators proven advice on how to modify them so that, rather than fighting fires are serious problems arise, a rethink at the manufacturing stage can tackle the root causes of scaling and blockages to out-engineer the problem.

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